A WAAM benchmark: From process parameters to thermal effects on weld pool shape, microstructure and residual stresses

A two-dimensional experimental setup has been designed to investigate the influence of process parameters during WAAM operation. This study also as a benchmark for numerical investigations such thermal-mechanical ones. Indeed, several measurements have done in-situ welding current and voltage, temperature, weld pool images local displacement. Some realized ex-situ: micro-structure residual stresses. Residual stresses were investigated by neutron diffraction technique on two specimens. The experiments consisted in deposition 5 successive layers 316L stainless steel filler-wire. 3 sets based variations travel speed linear energy from 147.1 189.7 J/mm. thermal cycle was clearly visible time evolution displacement, varying cyclically few tenths millimetre, well size. size increased (up mm) with number layer increasing initial temperature specimen higher due previous deposited layer. is textured columnar dendrites millimetre long. effect studied slightly perceptible melted zone. • Three specimens elaborated different parameters. Effect thermally thus molten maximum stress values induced 1st layers.